Negation

Negation is expressed by one of several negative markers.

Negative Present

The Negative Present is marked by ke'e. The 3s pronoun 'e takes the form ø when it would occur before ke'e.


Nau ke'e tewa. I am not tall.

'O ke'e tewa. You are not tall.

Ke'e tewa. He/she is not tall.

Kura ke'e tewa. We two (I) are not tall.

'Erua ke'e tewa. We two (E) are not tall.

'Arua ke'e tewa. You two are not tall.

Kirarua ke'e tewa. They two are not tall.

Kou ke'e tewa. We (I) are not tall.

'Eu ke'e tewa. We (E) are not tall.

'Au ke'e tewa. You folks are not tall.

Kira ke'e tewa. They are not tall.


Nau ke'e kanakana. I am not singing.

'O ke'e kanakana. You are not singing.

Ke'e kanakana. He/she is not singing.

Kura ke'e kanakana. We two (I) are not singing.

'Erua ke'e kanakana. We two (E) are not singing.

'Arua ke'e kanakana. You two are not singing.

Kirarua ke'e kanakana. They two are not singing.

Kou ke'e kanakana. We (I) are not singing.

'Eu ke'e kanakana. We (E) are not singing.

'Au ke'e kanakana. You folks are not singing.

Kira ke'e kanakana. They are not singing.

Negative Future

The Negative Future is marked by su'ai. Unlike with most other verbal markers, the 3s pronoun 'e does not change to ø in this case.


Nau su'ai to'i. I will not work.

'O su'ai to'i. You will not work.

'E su'ai to'i. He/she will not work.

Kura su'ai to'i. We two (I) will not work.

'Erua su'ai to'i. We two (E) will not work.

'Arua su'ai to'i. You two will not work.

Kirarua su'ai to'i. They two will not work.

Kou su'ai to'i. We (I) will not work.

'Eu su'ai to'i. We (E) will not work.

'Au su'ai to'i. You folks will not work.

Kira su'ai to'i. They will not work.